Huy t h c
95
Type of
anaemia
Causes
Symptoms Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Hồng cầu
bình thường
Iron deficiency of
varying cause, e.g.
•
Menorrhagia
•
Pregnancy
•
Gastrointestinal tract
malignancy
•
Oesophagitis
•
Gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease
•
Coeliac disease
•
Hookworm
•
Schistosomiasis
•
Diet low in iron
Thalassaemia: see page 96
Thi u máu tan máu do
nhi u nguyên nhân khác
nhau như:
•
Thi u G6PD.
•
H ng c u hình c u di
truy n.
•
B t đ ng nhóm máu
Rh m con.
•
H ng c u hình li m.
•
B nh thi u máu tan
máu t mi n do kháng
th nóng và do t kháng
th l nh (cold agglutinin
disease).
•
Thi u máu trong các
b nh m n tính như: viêm
kh p d ng th p, thi u
máu b t s n t y.
Fatigue
Palpitations
Headache
Dyspnoea
Fatigue
Palpitations
Headache
Dyspnoea
Irritability
Depression
M t m i
H i h p
Đau đ u
Khó th
Nh ng tri u
ch ng c a
b nh đi kèm.
Pallor
Nail changes,
e.g. koilonychia
Angular cheilitis
Atrophic glossitis
Pallor
Glossitis
Angular cheilitis
Paraesthesiae
Subacute
degeneration of the
spinal cord
Nh t nh t
Nh ng tri u
ch ng c a b nh
đi kèm.
FBC
•
Microcytic, hypochromic
anaemia
•
¯ MCV (<80 fL)
•
¯ MCH
•
¯ Ferritin
•
¯ Iron
•
- Total iron binding
capacity (TIBC)
Blood film: anisocytosis and
poikilocytosis
Investigate causes, e.g.
endoscopy, stool
microscopy, barium enema
FBC
•
¯ Hb
•
- MCV (>96 fL)
•
¯ Vitamin B
12
•
¯ Folate
•
¯ Reticulocytes
•
¯ Platelets (if severe)
Công th c máu
•
¯ Hb
•
MCV bình thư ng
•
Bình thư ng ho c
- ferritin
Treat cause
Ferrous sulphate
Treat cause
If pernicious
anaemia then
treat with
hydroxocobalamin
injections
Đi u tr nguyên
nhân.
Fatigue
Increased risk
of infection
Heart failure
Fatigue
Heart failure
Splenomegaly
Neuropsychiatric
and neurological
complications
M t m i.
Suy tim.
TABLE 6.1 Anaemia
Remember these as
FAT RBC:
Folate deficiency
Alcohol
Thyroid (hypothyroidism)
•
¯ B ch c u (n ng) Tiêu
b n máu: BC đa hình thái
(thi u B
12
và B
9
), th y HC
hình bia BN b b nh gan
C n (Rư u)
Suy Giáp
B
12
(gi m vitamin B
12
)/
thi u máu ác tính
What is anaemia?
Anaemia occurs when the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration is low.
This condition may be classified as microcytic, macrocytic or normocytic.
MAP 6.1 Anaemia
p
p
p
¯
¯
(
(
)
)
Map 6.1 Thi u máu
Chapter_06.indd 95
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