Sciences,
August
24,
2009,
www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/08/21/0903620106.full
, pdf. See also
Adam Gorlick, “Media Multitaskers Pay Mental Price, Stanford Study
Shows,” Stanford Report, August 24, 2009,
ford.edu/news/2009/august24/multitask-research-study-082409.html
[268]
Michael Merzenich, interview with the author, September 11, 2009.
[269]
James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (London: Bell,
1889), 331-32.
[270]
Don Tapscott, Grown ưp Digital (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009),
291.
[271]
College
Board,
“PSAT/NMSQT
Data
&.
Reports,”
legeboard.com/data-reports-research/psat.
[272]
Naomi S. Baron, Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile
World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 202.
[273]
David Schneider, “Smart as We Can Get?,” American Scientist,
July-August 2006.
[274]
James R. Flynn, “Requiem for Nutrition as the Cause of IQ Gains:
Raven’s Gains in Britain 1938-2008,” Economics and Human Biology, 7, no.
1 (March 2009): 18-27.
[275]
Some contemporary readers may find Flynn’s chơice of words
insensitive. He explains, “We are in a transitional period in which the term
‘mentally retarded’ is being replaced by the term ‘mentally disabled’ in the
hope of finding words with a less negative connotation. I have retained the
old term for clarity and because history has shown that negative
connotations are simply passed on from one label to another.” James R.
Flynn, What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2007), 9-10.
